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Data Size Converter

Convert between bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, and bits, and see why a 1 TB drive shows as 931 GB.

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You can also type a size with its unit, such as 500 GB or 1.5 TiB.

Examples:

Converted

Decimal and binary units

There are two ways to count large amounts of data. Decimal (SI) units step by 1,000: a kilobyte (kB) is 1,000 bytes, a gigabyte (GB) a billion. Drive makers, network speeds and most cloud bills use these. Binary (IEC) units step by 1,024: a kibibyte (KiB) is 1,024 bytes, a gibibyte (GiB) 1,073,741,824. Memory, Linux tools such as df -h and free -h, and Windows (which labels them GB) count this way.

The gap grows with each step: 2.4% at kilo, 7.4% at giga, 10% at tera and 12.6% at peta.

Why a 1 TB drive shows 931 GB

A 1 TB drive holds 1,000,000,000,000 bytes. Divided by 1,024³ that is 931.3 GiB, which Windows displays as “931 GB”. Nothing is missing: the drive is measured in decimal units and shown in binary ones. File systems then reserve a little more for their own structures.

Bits and bytes

A byte is 8 bits. Network speeds are quoted in bits per second with a lower-case b (Mbps, Gbps), storage in bytes with a capital B. To turn a 1 Gbit link into storage terms divide by 8: 125 MB a second. This page converts sizes only; for how long a transfer takes, use the Bandwidth Calculator. All conversions happen in your browser.

Further reading